Physiological consequences of drug resistance in Leishmaniaand their relevance for chemotherapy

Table 1 Genes associated to drug resistance in Leishmania

Species	Gene	Resistance to	Cross resistance	Reference
L. amazonensis	lamdr	vinblastine	adriamycin	[73]
		vinblastine
		doxorubicin		[39]
		actinomycin-D
	KDNA	pentamidine		[64]
	ribonucleotide
	reductase	hydroxyurea		[74]
	gene
	NAGT	tunicamycin		[51]
L. donovani	ldNTt1.1	tubericidin		[41]
	ldmdr1	vinblastine	puromycin
			anthracyclins	[40, 42]
		methotrexate		[43]
	IMPDH	mycophenolic acid		[53]
L. enriettii	lemdr	vinblastine	puromycin	[37]
L. infantum	H-circle	methotrexate		[75]
L. major	H-circle	primaquine	methotrexate	[28]
		terbinafine
	SQS1	terbinafine
	SQS1	itraconazole
	TOR	tubericidin		[54, 63]
	TUB2	tubericidin
	DHFR-TS	antifolates
	PTR1	antifolates
L. tarentolae	H-circle	methotrexate		[23, 24]
	ltpgpA-E	vinblastine
		arsenite		[25–27, 33]
		antimoniates
	gsh	arsenite		[57]
	Cyb	antimycin-A		[70]
	DHFR-TS	folates
	Ltdth	methotrexate		[31, 36, 52]
	PTR1
L. tropica	ltpgpE	methotrexate		[76]
	ltmdr	daunomycin		[38]